CGAL 6.1.1 - dD Geometry Kernel

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Kernel_d Concept Reference
Reference Manual » Kernel Concept

## Definition

The concept of a kernel is defined by a set of requirements on the provision of certain types and access member functions to create objects of these types. The types are function object classes to be used within the algorithms and data structures in the basic library of CGAL. This allows you to use any model of a kernel as a traits class in the CGAL algorithms and data structures, unless they require types beyond those provided by a kernel.

`Kernel_d` subsumes the concept of a \( d\)-dimensional kernel.

A kernel provides types, construction objects, and generalized predicates. The former replace constructors of the kernel classes and constructive procedures in the kernel. There are also function objects replacing operators, especially for equality testing.

Has models
  `CGAL::Cartesian_d<FieldNumberType>`
  `CGAL::Homogeneous_d<RingNumberType>`
  `CGAL::Epick_d<DimensionTag>`
  `CGAL::Epeck_d<DimensionTag>`

## Concepts
concept | Affine_rank_d
concept | Affinely_independent_d
concept | CartesianConstIterator_d
| A type representing an iterator to the Cartesian coordinates of a point in `d` dimensions. More...
concept | Center_of_sphere_d
concept | Compare_lexicographically_d
concept | Component_accessor_d
concept | Compute_coordinate_d
concept | Construct_max_vertex_d
concept | Construct_min_vertex_d
concept | ConstructCartesianConstIterator_d
concept | Contained_in_affine_hull_d
concept | Contained_in_linear_hull_d
concept | Contained_in_simplex_d
concept | Equal_d
concept | Has_on_positive_side_d
concept | Intersect_d
concept | Less_coordinate_d
concept | Less_lexicographically_d
concept | Less_or_equal_lexicographically_d
concept | Linear_base_d
concept | Linear_rank_d
concept | Linearly_independent_d
concept | Midpoint_d
concept | Orientation_d
concept | Oriented_side_d
concept | Orthogonal_vector_d
concept | Point_dimension_d
concept | Point_of_sphere_d
concept | Point_to_vector_d
concept | Side_of_bounded_sphere_d
concept | Side_of_oriented_sphere_d
concept | Squared_distance_d
concept | Value_at_d
concept | Vector_to_point_d

## Types
typedef unspecified_type | FT
| a number type that is a model for `FieldNumberType`
typedef unspecified_type | RT
| a number type that is a model for `RingNumberType`
typedef unspecified_type | Dimension
| the dimension of the ambient space.

## Coordinate Access
typedef unspecified_type | Cartesian_const_iterator_d
| a type that allows to iterate over the Cartesian coordinates

## Geometric Objects
typedef unspecified_type | Point_d
typedef unspecified_type | Vector_d
typedef unspecified_type | Direction_d
typedef unspecified_type | Hyperplane_d
typedef unspecified_type | Line_d
typedef unspecified_type | Ray_d
typedef unspecified_type | Segment_d
typedef unspecified_type | Iso_box_d
typedef unspecified_type | Sphere_d
typedef unspecified_type | Aff_transformation_d

## Constructions
typedef unspecified_type | Barycentric_coordinates_d
typedef unspecified_type | Center_of_sphere_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Center_of_sphere_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Compute_coordinate_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Compute_coordinate_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_point_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_vector_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_direction_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_hyperplane_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_segment_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_iso_box_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_line_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_ray_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_sphere_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_aff_transformation_d
typedef unspecified_type | Construct_cartesian_const_iterator_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::ConstructCartesianConstIterator_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Intersect_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Intersect_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Linear_base_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Linear_base_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Midpoint_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Midpoint_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Orthogonal_vector_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Orthogonal_vector_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Point_of_sphere_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Point_of_sphere_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Point_to_vector_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Point_to_vector_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Squared_distance_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Squared_distance_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Value_at_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Value_at_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Vector_to_point_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Vector_to_point_d`

## Generalized Predicates
typedef unspecified_type | Affine_rank_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Affine_rank_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Affinely_independent_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Affinely_independent_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Compare_lexicographically_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Compare_lexicographically_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Component_accessor_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Component_accessor_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Contained_in_affine_hull_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Contained_in_affine_hull_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Contained_in_linear_hull_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Contained_in_linear_hull_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Contained_in_simplex_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Contained_in_simplex_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Equal_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Equal_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Has_on_positive_side_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Has_on_positive_side_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Less_coordinate_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Less_coordinate_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Less_lexicographically_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Less_lexicographically_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Less_or_equal_lexicographically_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Less_or_equal_lexicographically_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Linear_rank_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Linear_rank_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Linearly_independent_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Linearly_independent_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Orientation_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Orientation_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Oriented_side_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Oriented_side_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Point_dimension_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Point_dimension_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Position_on_line_d
typedef unspecified_type | Side_of_bounded_sphere_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Side_of_bounded_sphere_d`
typedef unspecified_type | Side_of_oriented_sphere_d
| a model of `Kernel_d::Side_of_oriented_sphere_d`

## Operations
The following member functions return function objects of the types listed above. The name of the access function is the name of the type returned with an `_object` suffix and no capital letter at the beginning. We only give two examples to show the scheme. For the functors `Construct_point_d` and `Orientation_d` the corresponding functions are:
Kernel_d::Construct_point_d | construct_point_d_object () const
Kernel_d::Orientation_d | orientation_d_object () const

## Member Typedef Documentation

## ◆ Dimension

typedef unspecified_type Kernel_d::Dimension

the dimension of the ambient space.

It must be either `Dimension_tag<d>` for some integer d or `Dynamic_dimension_tag`.