
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                       //
//                         SAGA                          //
//                                                       //
//      System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses      //
//                                                       //
//                     Tool Library                      //
//                        maxent                         //
//                                                       //
//-------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                       //
//                   classify_grid.cpp                   //
//                                                       //
//                 Copyright (C) 2015 by                 //
//                     Olaf Conrad                       //
//                                                       //
//-------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                       //
// This file is part of 'SAGA - System for Automated     //
// Geoscientific Analyses'. SAGA is free software; you   //
// can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms  //
// of the GNU General Public License as published by the //
// Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the     //
// License, or (at your option) any later version.       //
//                                                       //
// SAGA is distributed in the hope that it will be       //
// useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the    //
// implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A  //
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public        //
// License for more details.                             //
//                                                       //
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General    //
// Public License along with this program; if not, see   //
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                       //
//                                                       //
//-------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                       //
//    e-mail:     oconrad@saga-gis.de                    //
//                                                       //
//    contact:    Olaf Conrad                            //
//                Institute of Geography                 //
//                University of Hamburg                  //
//                Germany                                //
//                                                       //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
#include "classify_grid.h"

//---------------------------------------------------------
#include "me.h"

//---------------------------------------------------------
using namespace std;


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
//														 //
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
CClassify_Grid::CClassify_Grid(void)
{
	Set_Name		(_TL("Maximum Entropy Classification"));

	Set_Author		("O.Conrad (c) 2015");

	Set_Description	(_TW(
		""
	));

	Add_Reference("http://www.logos.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tsuruoka/maxent/",
		SG_T("Yoshimasa Tsuruoka: A simple C++ library for maximum entropy classification.")
	);

	Add_Reference("http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~lindek/downloads.htm",
		SG_T("Dekang Lin: A MaxEnt Package in C++.")
	);

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Parameters.Add_Shapes("",
		"TRAINING"		, _TL("Training Areas"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_INPUT, SHAPE_TYPE_Polygon
	);

	Parameters.Add_Table_Field("TRAINING",
		"FIELD"			, _TL("Class Name"),
		_TL("")
	);

	Parameters.Add_Grid_List("",
		"FEATURES_NUM"	, _TL("Numerical Features"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_INPUT_OPTIONAL
	);

	Parameters.Add_Grid_List("",
		"FEATURES_CAT"	, _TL("Categorical Features"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_INPUT_OPTIONAL
	);

	Parameters.Add_Grid("",
		"CLASSES"		, _TL("Classification"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_OUTPUT, true, SG_DATATYPE_Char
	);

	Parameters.Add_Table("CLASSES",
		"CLASSES_LUT"	, _TL("Look-up Table"),
		_TL("A reference list of the grid values that have been assigned to the training classes."),
		PARAMETER_OUTPUT_OPTIONAL
	);

	Parameters.Add_Grid("",
		"PROB"			, _TL("Probability"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_OUTPUT
	);

	Parameters.Add_Grid_List("",
		"PROBS"			, _TL("Probabilities"),
		_TL(""),
		PARAMETER_OUTPUT
	);

	Parameters.Add_Bool("",
		"PROBS_CREATE"	, _TL("Create Probabilities"),
		_TL(""),
		false
	);

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Parameters.Add_Choice("",
		"METHOD"		, _TL("Method"),
		_TL(""),
		CSG_String::Format("%s|%s",
			_TL("Yoshimasa Tsuruoka"),
			_TL("Dekang Lin")
		)
	);

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Parameters.Add_FilePath("",
		"YT_FILE_LOAD"	, _TL("Load from File..."),
		_TL(""),
		NULL, NULL, false
	);

	Parameters.Add_FilePath("",
		"YT_FILE_SAVE"	, _TL("Save to File..."),
		_TL(""),
		NULL, NULL, true
	);

	Parameters.Add_Choice("",
		"YT_REGUL"		, _TL("Regularization"),
		_TL(""),
		CSG_String::Format("%s|%s|%s",
			_TL("none"),
			SG_T("L1"),
			SG_T("L2")
		), 0
	);

	Parameters.Add_Double("YT_REGUL",
		"YT_REGUL_VAL"	, _TL("Regularization Factor"),
		_TL(""),
		1., 0., true
	);

	Parameters.Add_Bool("",
		"YT_NUMASREAL"	, _TL("Real-valued Numerical Features"),
		_TL(""),
		true
	);

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Parameters.Add_Double("",
		"DL_ALPHA"		, _TL("Alpha"),
		_TL(""),
		0.1
	);

	Parameters.Add_Double("",
		"DL_THRESHOLD"	, _TL("Threshold"),
		_TL(""),
		0., 0., true
	);

	Parameters.Add_Int("",
		"DL_ITERATIONS"	, _TL("Maximum Iterations"),
		_TL(""),
		100, 1, true
	);

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Parameters.Add_Int("",
		"NUM_CLASSES"	, _TL("Number of Numeric Value Classes"),
		_TL(""),
		32, 1, true
	);

	Parameters.Add_Double("",
		"PROB_MIN"		, _TL("Minimum Probability"),
		_TL("Minimum probability to accept a classification result for a cell."),
		 0., 0., true, 1., true
	);
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
int CClassify_Grid::On_Parameters_Enable(CSG_Parameters *pParameters, CSG_Parameter *pParameter)
{
	bool	bFile	= SG_File_Exists((*pParameters)("YT_FILE_LOAD")->asString());
	int		Method	= (*pParameters)("METHOD")->asInt();

	pParameters->Set_Enabled("NUM_CLASSES"  , Method == 1 || !(*pParameters)("YT_NUMASREAL")->asBool());

	pParameters->Set_Enabled("TRAINING"     , Method == 1 || !bFile);

	pParameters->Set_Enabled("YT_REGUL"     , Method == 0 && !bFile);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("YT_REGUL_VAL" , Method == 0 && !bFile);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("YT_FILE_SAVE" , Method == 0 && !bFile);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("YT_FILE_LOAD" , Method == 0);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("YT_NUMASREAL" , Method == 0);

	pParameters->Set_Enabled("DL_ALPHA"     , Method == 1);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("DL_THRESHOLD" , Method == 1);
	pParameters->Set_Enabled("DL_ITERATIONS", Method == 1);

	return( CSG_Tool_Grid::On_Parameters_Enable(pParameters, pParameter) );
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
bool CClassify_Grid::On_Execute(void)
{
	EventSet	DL_Events ;	m_DL_Events  = &DL_Events ;
	GISTrainer	DL_Trainer;	m_DL_Trainer = &DL_Trainer;
	MaxEntModel	DL_Model  ;	m_DL_Model   = &DL_Model  ;

	m_YT_Model.clear();

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	CSG_Grid	*pClasses	= Parameters("CLASSES")->asGrid();
	CSG_Grid	*pProb		= Parameters("PROB"   )->asGrid();

	if( !pProb->Get_Range() )
	{
		DataObject_Set_Colors(pProb, 0, SG_COLORS_YELLOW_GREEN);
	}

	m_pProbs		= Parameters("PROBS_CREATE")->asBool() ? Parameters("PROBS")->asGridList() : NULL;
	m_Method		= Parameters("METHOD"      )->asInt ();
	m_nNumClasses	= Parameters("NUM_CLASSES" )->asInt ();
	m_bYT_Weights	= Parameters("YT_NUMASREAL")->asBool();

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	CSG_Array	Features;

	if( !Get_Features(Features) )
	{
		Error_Set(_TL("invalid features"));

		return( false );
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	if( m_Method == 0 && SG_File_Exists(Parameters("YT_FILE_LOAD")->asString()) )
	{
		if( !Get_File(Parameters("YT_FILE_LOAD")->asString()) )
		{
			return( false );
		}
	}
	else if( !Get_Training() )
	{
		return( false );
	}

	pClasses->Set_NoData_Value(-1);
	pClasses->Fmt_Name("%s [%s]", _TL("Classification"), _TL("Maximum Entropy"));
	pProb->Fmt_Name("%s %s [%s]", _TL("Classification"), _TL("Probability"), _TL("Maximum Entropy"));

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Process_Set_Text(_TL("prediction"));

	double	minProb	= Parameters("PROB_MIN")->asDouble();

	for(int y=0; y<Get_NY() && Set_Progress_Rows(y); y++)
	{
		#pragma omp parallel for
		for(int x=0; x<Get_NX(); x++)
		{
			CSG_Strings	Values;

			for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
			{
				if( !m_Features[i].pGrid->is_NoData(x, y) )
				{
					Values.Add(Get_Feature(x, y, i));
				}
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}

			if( Values.Get_Count() != m_nFeatures )
			{
				pClasses->Set_NoData(x, y);

				for(int i=0; m_pProbs && i<m_pProbs->Get_Grid_Count(); i++)
				{
					m_pProbs->Get_Grid(i)->Set_NoData(x, y);
				}
			}

			//---------------------------------------------
			else switch( m_Method )
			{
			default: {	// Kyoshida
				ME_Sample	Sample;

				for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
				{
					if( m_bYT_Weights && m_Features[i].bNumeric )
					{
						Sample.add_feature(m_Features[i].Name, m_Features[i].pGrid->asDouble(x, y));
					}
					else
					{
						Sample.add_feature(Values[i].b_str());
					}
				}

				vector<double> Probs	= m_YT_Model.classify(Sample);

				int	p	= m_YT_Model.get_class_id(Sample.label);

				pProb   ->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[p]);
				pClasses->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[p] >= minProb ? p : -1);

				for(int i=0; m_pProbs && i<m_pProbs->Get_Grid_Count() && i<(int)Probs.size(); i++)
				{
					m_pProbs->Get_Grid(i)->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[i]);
				}

			break; }

			//---------------------------------------------
			case  1: {	// Dekang Lin
				MaxEntEvent Event;	Event.count(1);

				for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
				{
					Event.push_back(m_DL_Trainer->getId(Values[i].b_str()));
				}

				vector<double> Probs;

				int	p	= m_DL_Model->getProbs(Event, Probs);

				pProb   ->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[p]);
				pClasses->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[p] >= minProb ? p : -1);

				for(int i=0; m_pProbs && i<m_pProbs->Get_Grid_Count() && i<(int)Probs.size(); i++)
				{
					m_pProbs->Get_Grid(i)->Set_Value(x, y, Probs[i]);
				}

				break; }
			}
		}
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	return( true );
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
CSG_String CClassify_Grid::Get_Feature(int x, int y, int i)
{
	CSG_Grid	*pFeature	= m_Features[i].pGrid;

	if( m_nNumClasses > 1 && m_Features[i].bNumeric )
	{
		return( CSG_String::Format("%d", (int)(m_nNumClasses * (pFeature->asDouble(x, y) - pFeature->Get_Min()) / pFeature->Get_Range())) );
	}

	return( SG_Get_String(pFeature->asDouble(x, y), -2) );
}

//---------------------------------------------------------
bool CClassify_Grid::Get_Features(CSG_Array &Features)
{
	CSG_Parameter_Grid_List	*pNum	= Parameters("FEATURES_NUM")->asGridList();
	CSG_Parameter_Grid_List	*pCat	= Parameters("FEATURES_CAT")->asGridList();

	m_Features	= (TFeature *)Features.Create(sizeof(TFeature), m_nFeatures = pNum->Get_Grid_Count() + pCat->Get_Grid_Count());

	for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
	{
		if( i < pNum->Get_Grid_Count() )
		{
			m_Features[i].bNumeric	= true;
			m_Features[i].pGrid		= pNum->Get_Grid(i);
		}
		else
		{
			m_Features[i].bNumeric	= false;
			m_Features[i].pGrid		= pCat->Get_Grid(i - pNum->Get_Grid_Count());
		}

		CSG_String	Name(m_Features[i].pGrid->Get_Name());
		strncpy(m_Features[i].Name, Name.b_str(), 255);	m_Features[i].Name[255]	= '\0';
	}

	return( m_nFeatures > 0 );
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
bool CClassify_Grid::Get_Training(void)
{
	CSG_Shapes *pAreas = Parameters("TRAINING")->asShapes();
	int        Field   = Parameters("FIELD"   )->asInt   ();

	if( pAreas->Get_Count() < 1 )
	{
		Error_Set(_TL("invalid training data"));

		return( false );
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	CSG_Strings	Classes; CSG_String Class;

	CSG_Index Index; pAreas->Set_Index(Index, Field);

	for(int i=0; i<pAreas->Get_Count(); i++)
	{
		CSG_Shape_Polygon	*pArea	= (CSG_Shape_Polygon *)pAreas->Get_Shape(Index[i]);

		if( i == 0 || Class.Cmp(pArea->asString(Field)) )
		{
			Classes	+= (Class = pArea->asString(Field));

			if( m_pProbs )
			{
				CSG_Grid	*pProb	= m_pProbs->Get_Grid(i);

				if( !pProb )
				{
					m_pProbs->Add_Item(pProb = SG_Create_Grid(Get_System()));
				}

				pProb->Set_Name(Class);
			}

			if( m_Method == 1 )	// Dekang Lin
			{
				m_DL_Trainer->addClass(Class.b_str());
			}
		}

		Get_Training(Class, pArea);
	}

	if( Classes.Get_Count() < 1 )
	{
		Error_Set(_TL("no classes found in training data"));

		return( false );
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	CSG_Grid	*pClasses	= Parameters("CLASSES")->asGrid();

	CSG_Parameter	*pLUT	= DataObject_Get_Parameter(pClasses, "LUT");

	if( pLUT && pLUT->asTable() )
	{
		for(int i=0; i<Classes.Get_Count(); i++)
		{
			CSG_Table_Record	*pClass	= pLUT->asTable()->Get_Record(i);

			if( !pClass )
			{
				(pClass	= pLUT->asTable()->Add_Record())->Set_Value(0, SG_Color_Get_Random());
			}

			pClass->Set_Value(1, Classes[i]);
			pClass->Set_Value(3,         i );
			pClass->Set_Value(4,         i );
		}

		pLUT->asTable()->Set_Count(Classes.Get_Count());

		DataObject_Set_Parameter(pClasses, pLUT            );
		DataObject_Set_Parameter(pClasses, "COLORS_TYPE", 1);	// Color Classification Type: Lookup Table
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	if( Parameters("CLASSES_LUT")->asTable() )
	{
		CSG_Table	&LUT	= *Parameters("CLASSES_LUT")->asTable();

		LUT.Destroy();
		LUT.Set_Name(pClasses->Get_Name());
		LUT.Add_Field("VALUE", pClasses->Get_Type());
		LUT.Add_Field("CLASS", SG_DATATYPE_String  );

		for(int i=0; i<Classes.Get_Count(); i++)
		{
			CSG_Table_Record	&Class	= *LUT.Add_Record();

			Class.Set_Value(0,         i );
			Class.Set_Value(1, Classes[i]);
		}
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	Process_Set_Text(_TL("training"));

	switch( m_Method )
	{
	default: {	// Kyoshida
		switch( Parameters("YT_REGUL")->asInt() )
		{
		default:
			m_YT_Model.use_l1_regularizer(0.);
			m_YT_Model.use_l2_regularizer(0.);
			break;

		case  1:
			m_YT_Model.use_l1_regularizer(Parameters("YT_REGUL_VAL")->asDouble());
			m_YT_Model.use_l2_regularizer(0.);
			break;

		case  2:
			m_YT_Model.use_l1_regularizer(0.);
			m_YT_Model.use_l2_regularizer(Parameters("YT_REGUL_VAL")->asDouble());
			break;
		}

	//	m_YT_Model.use_SGD(Parameters("SGD_ITER")->asInt());

		m_YT_Model.train();

	/*	list< pair< pair<string, string>, double > > Features;

		m_YT_Model.get_features(Features);

		for(list< pair< pair<string, string>, double> >::const_iterator i=Features.begin(); i!=Features.end(); i++)
		{
			Message_Fmt("\n%10.3f  %-10s %s", i->second, i->first.first.c_str(), i->first.second.c_str());
		}
	*/

		CSG_String	File(Parameters("YT_FILE_SAVE")->asString());

		if( !File.is_Empty() )
		{
			m_YT_Model.save_to_file(File.b_str());
		}

		break; }

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	case  1: {	// Dekang Lin
		m_DL_Trainer->printDetails(true);	// show the parameters during training

		m_DL_Trainer->Set_Alpha     (Parameters("DL_ALPHA"     )->asDouble());
		m_DL_Trainer->Set_Threshold (Parameters("DL_THRESHOLD" )->asDouble());
		m_DL_Trainer->Set_Iterations(Parameters("DL_ITERATIONS")->asInt   ());

		m_DL_Model->classes(m_DL_Trainer->classes().size());

		m_DL_Trainer->train(*m_DL_Model, *m_DL_Events);	// train the model

		break; }
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	return( true );
}

//---------------------------------------------------------
void CClassify_Grid::Get_Training(const CSG_String &ID, CSG_Shape_Polygon *pArea)
{
	int	xMin = Get_System().Get_xWorld_to_Grid(pArea->Get_Extent().Get_XMin()); if( xMin <  0        ) xMin = 0           ;
	int	xMax = Get_System().Get_xWorld_to_Grid(pArea->Get_Extent().Get_XMax()); if( xMax >= Get_NX() ) xMax = Get_NX() - 1;
	int	yMin = Get_System().Get_yWorld_to_Grid(pArea->Get_Extent().Get_YMin()); if( yMin <  0        ) yMin = 0           ;
	int	yMax = Get_System().Get_yWorld_to_Grid(pArea->Get_Extent().Get_YMax()); if( yMax >= Get_NY() ) yMax = Get_NY() - 1;

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	for(int y=yMin; y<=yMax; y++) for(int x=xMin; x<=xMax; x++)
	{
		if( !pArea->Contains(Get_System().Get_Grid_to_World(x, y)) )
		{
			continue;
		}

		CSG_Strings	Values;

		for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
		{
			if( !m_Features[i].pGrid->is_NoData(x, y) )
			{
				Values.Add(Get_Feature(x, y, i));
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		if( Values.Get_Count() < m_nFeatures )
		{
			continue;
		}

		//-------------------------------------------------
		switch( m_Method )
		{
		default: {	// Kyoshida
			ME_Sample	Sample(ID.b_str());

			for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
			{
				if( m_bYT_Weights && m_Features[i].bNumeric )
				{
					Sample.add_feature(m_Features[i].Name, m_Features[i].pGrid->asDouble(x, y));
				}
				else
				{
					Sample.add_feature(Values[i].b_str());
				}
			}

			m_YT_Model.add_training_sample(Sample);

			break; }

		//-------------------------------------------------
		case  1: {	// Dekang Lin
			MaxEntEvent	*pEvent	= new MaxEntEvent;

			pEvent->count(1);
			pEvent->classId(m_DL_Trainer->getClassId(ID.b_str()));

			for(int i=0; i<m_nFeatures; i++)
			{
				pEvent->push_back(m_DL_Trainer->getId(Values[i].b_str()));
			}

			m_DL_Events->push_back(pEvent);

			break; }
		}
	}
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
bool CClassify_Grid::Get_File(const CSG_String &File)
{
	if( !m_YT_Model.load_from_file(File.b_str()) )
	{
		Error_Fmt("%s: %s", _TL("could not load model from file"), File.c_str());

		return( false );
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
/*	list< pair< pair<string, string>, double > > Features;

	m_YT_Model.get_features(Features);

	if( (int)Features.size() != m_nFeatures )
	{
		Error_Set(_TL("number of model features do not fit input features list"));

		return( false );
	}/**/

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	if( m_YT_Model.num_classes() < 2 )
	{
		Error_Fmt("%s: %s", _TL("less than two classes in model"), File.c_str());

		return( false );
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	for(int i=0; i<m_YT_Model.num_classes(); i++)
	{
		if( m_pProbs )
		{
			CSG_Grid	*pGrid	= m_pProbs->Get_Grid(i);

			if( !pGrid )
			{
				m_pProbs->Add_Item(pGrid = SG_Create_Grid(Get_System()));
			}

			pGrid->Set_Name(m_YT_Model.get_class_label(i).c_str());
		}
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	CSG_Grid	*pClasses	= Parameters("CLASSES")->asGrid();

	CSG_Parameter	*pLUT	= DataObject_Get_Parameter(pClasses, "LUT");

	if( pLUT && pLUT->asTable() )
	{
		for(int i=0; i<m_YT_Model.num_classes(); i++)
		{
			CSG_Table_Record	*pClass	= pLUT->asTable()->Get_Record(i);

			if( !pClass )
			{
				(pClass	= pLUT->asTable()->Add_Record())->Set_Value(0, SG_Color_Get_Random());
			}

			std::string	Label	= m_YT_Model.get_class_label(i);

			pClass->Set_Value(1, Label.c_str());
			pClass->Set_Value(3, m_YT_Model.get_class_id(Label));
			pClass->Set_Value(4, m_YT_Model.get_class_id(Label));
		}

		pLUT->asTable()->Set_Count(m_YT_Model.num_classes());

		DataObject_Set_Parameter(pClasses, pLUT            );
		DataObject_Set_Parameter(pClasses, "COLORS_TYPE", 1);	// Color Classification Type: Lookup Table
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	if( Parameters("CLASSES_LUT")->asTable() )
	{
		CSG_Table	&LUT	= *Parameters("CLASSES_LUT")->asTable();

		LUT.Destroy();
		LUT.Set_Name(pClasses->Get_Name());
		LUT.Add_Field("VALUE", pClasses->Get_Type());
		LUT.Add_Field("CLASS", SG_DATATYPE_String  );

		for(int i=0; i<m_YT_Model.num_classes(); i++)
		{
			CSG_Table_Record	&Class	= *LUT.Add_Record();

			std::string	Label	= m_YT_Model.get_class_label(i);

			Class.Set_Value(0, m_YT_Model.get_class_id(Label));
			Class.Set_Value(1, Label.c_str());
		}
	}

	//-----------------------------------------------------
	return( true );
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//														 //
//														 //
//														 //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//---------------------------------------------------------
